A Landowner's Guide to Building Forest Access Roads

.Introduction

.Road Planning and Location
....Know the Land
....Map Out the Road Location
... Field Check the Road Location
........Control Points
........Curves
..........Horizontal Curve Layout
.............Center Stake Method
.............Stick Method
..........Adjusting for Topography and Grade
..........Switchbacks
..........Grade Separation and Vertical Curves
..........Points to Remember
.......Other Considerations
..........Turnouts and Turnarounds
...........Road Cross-Sections
...........Right-of-Way Agreements

.Road Construction
....Road Width
....Clearing
....Road Drainage Methods
.......Water Bars
.......Broad-Based Drainage Dips
.......Ditches
.......Outsloping
.......Deflectors
.......Open Top and Pole Culverts
. ...Shaping Back Slopes
.... Seeding and Mulching
.......Seeding
.......Mulching

.Road Maintenance and Closure
....Road Maintenance
.......Clearing Culverts and Ditches
.......Removing Slide Debris
....Road Closure
.......Temporary Roads
.......Permanent Seasonal Roads

.Stream Crossing Methods
....Pipe Culverts
.......Sizing
.......Installation
.......Maintenance
.....Fords

.Protecting Fish Habitat
....Round Culvert
....Pipe-Arch Culvert
....Structural Plate-Arch Culvert
.......Culvert Outfall Barriers
.......Structures for Debris Control

.Recommendations for Wetland Forest Roads
....General Planning and Design
....Construction
.......Crossing Mineral Soil Wetlands
.......Crossing Shallow Peat Wetlands
.......Crossing Deep Peat Wetlands
.......Methods for Crossing Wetlands Using
.......Geotextiles
..........Log Corduroy
..........Rock Drainage Layer
..........Lightweight Road Fill
....Crossing Wetlands in Winter

.Dealing With Beavers

.Geotextiles
....Separation
....Filtration
....Reinforcement
....Transmission

.References

.Glossary

.Conversion Chart

.Grade Meter

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