Canker. - dead area in plant tissues usually caused by disease.

Fruiting body. - the spore-bearing organ of a fungus (conk).

Gall. - swelling of plant tissue in reaction to feeding by insects or mites; usually found on leaves but may also occur on other plant parts.

Girdle. - damage that completely encircles the main stem of a tree, killing all wood above the damaged point; may be caused by cankers, birdpeck, rodent feeding, etc.

Larva. - immature, wingless stage of insects such as moths, beetles, and flies between the egg and adult stage; also sometimes known as caterpillar or "worm" (plural = larvae).

Lateral bud.- any bud on a tree other than the end one on the main stem or side branch.

Necrosis. - dead plant tissue, usually stained brown or black, surrounded by living tissue.

Nymph. - immature wingless stage of such insects as grasshoppers, cicadas, and lacebugs.

Ovipositor. - egg-laying organ or structure often extending from the posterior abdomen of female insects.

Photosynthesis. - food manufacturing process in all green plants using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.

Terminal bud. - usually the end bud on the leader or main stem of a tree, but may also refer to the end bud on each side branch.

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