Appendix - Key Words

A
Arboriculture - Planting and care of individual trees.

Arborist - A professional who practices arboriculture.

Arborists News - Bimonthly arboricultural journal published by the International Society of Arboriculture.

Administration - Act of execution of laws or programs.

American Forests (AF) - Bimonthly forestry magazine which often features urban forestry articles.

Area Director - Individual responsible for all Forest Service State and Private Forestry programs in the Northeastern Area.

Assessment - To set an environmental or financial value of urban forests on trees.

B
Beautification Council - Local volunteer group concerned with planting landscape trees, shrubs and vegetation.

C
Case Study - Specific analysis and description of a program or project.

Communication - To convey or share information.

Community/Communities - Aggregation of citizens who own or rent property.

Coordination - Group action to achieve a common goal or objective.

D
Disaster Field Office (DFO) - Central location for the coordination of a Federally Declared Disaster relief and recovery effort.

Damage Survey Report (DSR) - Written assessment of the estimated disaster relief and recovery effort.

E
Early Warning - An advisory system which provides several hours of advance, severe-weather notification.

Economics - Costs or values of trees within the urban forest.

Emergency Storm Response Plan - A system based on experience, which codifies and simplifies the reaction to a disaster.

F
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - Federal agency that works with local communities and states in response to natural disasters.

Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO) - Federal agent responsible for managing FEMA response to natural disasters.

Federal Declaration of Disaster - Official Presidential notification advising that an area or region has encountered a major natural disaster.

H
Hurricane - A larger-scale regional windstorm with wind velocities of 80 m.p.h. or greater.

I
Illinois Department of Conservation (IDOC) - A state agency which manages and assists that management of forest resource areas including urban forests.

Ice Storm - Slow accumulation of layers of ice on tree branches with consequent breakage and damage.

Interagency Hazard Mitigation Team (IHMT) - Group of local, state and federal individuals who work together to identify and make recommendations for ways to reduce damage in future disasters.

Immediate Reaction - Measures to remove downed trees and other related debris from major streets and avenues.

International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) - An association of 7,000 members concerned with urban tree management.

Inventory - A systematic listing of urban trees identified by species, condition and municipal location.

J
Journal of Arboriculture - Scientific publication concerned with the management of urban trees.

L
Large-sized Community - Human population of 50,001 to 7,000,000 individuals.

Life-threatening Situations - Hazardous trees, created by violent weather, which may fall on houses or pedestrians.

M
Major Tree Damage Control Plan - Component of the early warning system of Oak Park.

Media - Newspapers, radio, TV and related news transmitting agencies.

Mitigation - Activities which eliminate or reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.

Mitigation Categories - Eleven subjects which enhance the concept of mitigation.

Medium-sized Community - Human population of 10,001 -50,000 individuals.

Monitoring - Reduces conflicts of interest by facilitating information and feedback leading to cooperation and coordination.

Municipal Leaders - Elected officials and volunteer laypersons concerned about trees.

N
National Arbor Day Foundation (NADF) - A non-profit organization of 1 million members interested in tree programs.

National Weather Service - A Federal agency which provides alerts and warning systems which advise of approaching natural disasters.

Natural Disaster - Includes damage created by high winds, hurricanes, tornadoes, ice, snow and floods.

Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (NA S&PF) - Forest Service branch that works with the 20 northeastern states.

O
Operation Tornado ReLeaf - A Northern Illinois community tree planting program to mitigate damage of a severe tornado.

P
Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) - An immediate, systematic survey of storm damage resulting from a natural disaster.

Planning - Anticipating future requirements and expenditures which would mitigate natural disasters.

Preparedness - Getting ready to meet and to solve problems which accompany a natural disaster.

Professional Training - Programs to meet and to solve problems which accompany a natural disaster.

Public Participation - Efforts of volunteer leaders and organizations to re-establish the urban forest.

R
Recovery - Restoration of services and treescapes related to the urban forest.

Regreening - Synonymous with re-establishing the urban forest.

Research - Careful investigation of earlier storm recovery effort successes and failures.

Response - Positive reaction to a natural disaster by well-trained urban foresters or public works employees.

S
State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) - State-level organization responsible for disaster management and assistance.

Severe Storm - An emergency that requires special equipment and management for solution.

Small-sized Community - Human population of 100-100,000 individuals.

State Declaration of Disaster - The situation where local authorities contact the SEMA and it is determined that the Governor will declare the area a disaster.

Structural Mitigation - Actual engineering procedures or methodologies which enhance mitigation.

T
Tornado - A cyclonic windstorm with central velocities over 100 m.p.h.

Tree City USA - A community which meets four arboricultural standards established by the NADF.

Tree City USA Bulletin - One of a series of 8-page arboricultural informational brochures.

Tree City USA Growth Award - A certified Tree City USA which also meets higher levels of tree maintenance.

Tree Expert Firm - a private entrepreneur whose company practices arboriculture and urban forestry.

U
Urban Forest - Woody and associated vegetation in and about human settlements.

Urban Forester - A professional who has special education and training to manage the urban forest.

Urban Forestry - Management of the total aggregation of trees found in a given community.

Urban Planner - A specialist concerned with design and planning of communities and cities.

V
Volunteer Tree Projects - Tree planting or maintenance undertaken by non -professional volunteers.

W
Weather-warning Agencies - Governmental or commercial meteorological units with special capacity to monitor approaching storms.

Windstorm - A storm characterized by high wind of specific velocity but without appreciable precipitation.

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